Encrypted DNS in Knot Resolver: DoT and DoH

In this post, we describe the differences between the two widespread protocols for DNS encryption: DNS-over-TLS (DoT) and DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH). We compare the technical aspects of those protocols as well as their implications on user privacy. We also introduce Knot Resolver’s new built-in DoH support and explain some of our design decisions behind DoH.

Knot DNS 3.0 News

Recently, version 3.0 of Knot DNS – an open-source implementation of an authoritative DNS server – has been released. Despite the version number, the software isn’t changing much. There are slightly more new features than in common feature releases such as 2.9. However, the features added in 3.0 don’t change any behaviour, unless the user turns them on. The migration from 2.9 to 3.0 is therefore seamless.

Releasing DNS Probe

CZ.NIC Laboratories released the first public version of DNS Probe. It is a high-performance DNS traffic capture tool developed as a part of the ADAM project. Its essential function is to listen on a network interface, capture DNS traffic (both UDP and TCP), pair DNS queries with corresponding responses, and export consolidated records about every single DNS transaction observed on the wire. DNS Probe can be deployed either on the same machine as the DNS server, or on a separate monitoring computer that receives an exact copy of the DNS server’s traffic (e.g. via switch port mirroring).

Survey: How do you configure DNS resolvers?

DNS resolvers are constantly adding features while not removing any, but this trend cannot continue indefinitely because the software would eventually break under its own weight. Which features are used in practice and which can be safely removed? We present preliminary results of a survey among DNS resolver administrators, and also invite readers to participate in cross-vendor survey which is open until 2020-06-30.

Launching DNS Crawler

As a planned milestone in the ADAM project (Advanced DNS Analytics and Measurements), CZ.NIC Laboratories in cooperation with CSIRT.CZ are about to commence regular operation of DNS crawler. This tool will periodically scan all second-level domains under TLD .cz, collect selected publicly available data about them, and process them further in various ways. Despite the name, the DNS crawler will collect data not only from DNS; it will also communicate with each domain’s web and e-mail server. We plan to run the tool with two periods: most data items will be collected on a weekly basis, only the contents of main web pages <domain>.cz or www.<domain>.cz will be retrieved less frequently – once a month. In addition, newly registered domains will be subject to an extra scrutiny: their data will be retrieved daily for the first two weeks of their existence. The DNS crawler software is designed so as to minimize the impact on the operation of second-level domains and network infrastructure in general. Data obtained from the crawler will be used for these principal purposes:

DNS stack, now in CESNET

As we have reported several times, after massive upgrades of the anycast DNS for the .CZ domain zone in recent years and building of the 100GbE DNS infrastructure, we are now focusing more on targeted tuning of the anycast operation. For example, we try launching new DNS stacks in the locations of significant DNS traffic sources, both abroad and in Czechia. The launch of the DNS stack on the CESNET network at the beginning of April is the most recent fruit of this work.

NIX.CZ DNS hosting and .gt ccTLD

Recently, two entities have asked us to help them host their DNS zones and  in both cases, we were happy to oblige. One of them was the Czech neutral peering node NIX.CZ, with which we often share technical know-how and help each other when it makes sense. The other one was the domain register of Guatemala operating the .gt ccTLD, which we humored as part of our long-term support of developing registers, like we have done the case with the registers of Angola, Malawi, Tanzania or North Macedonia.

Epic DNS Benchmarking

DNS is one of the critical services necessary for proper operation of the Internet. Also it is often a target of various cyber attacks. Considering this fact, operators of authoritative DNS servers require robust solutions offering enough performance for regular DNS traffic and resisting possible attacks against this service. That is the reason why we focus, besides other aspects, on the performance during development of our authoritative DNS server Knot DNS. Benchmarking is an inseparable part of the project and we have been exploring various ways of further performance growth. Recently we had a great opportunity to play with the epic 128-thread processor AMD EPYC 7702P. In this blog post I will share some results from its benchmarking.